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- Hollow cylindrical or boxlike structure,
- usually of reinforced concrete, that is sunk
- into a riverbed to form the foundations of a
- bridge. An open caisson is open at the top
- and at the bottom, where there is a
- wedge-shaped cutting edge. Material is
- excavated from inside, allowing the caisson
- to sink. A pneumatic caisson has a
- pressurized chamber at the bottom, in which
- workers carry out the excavation. The air
- pressure prevents the surrounding water
- entering; the workers enter and leave the
- chamber through an airlock, allowing for a
- suitable decompression period to prevent
- decompression sickness (the so-called bends).
-